Patents An Invention Of Man - 1231 Words

Patents are ingenious - they allow for security in preventing theft of ideas through government licensing for the exclusive rights to manufacturing, utilization, and sales of inventions. However, lines are crossed when private companies are allowed to patent life forms, including genetic material. Patents are only designed to prevent intellectual property theft on inventions. Human genes are a product of nature and are not a result of an invention of man. Furthermore, allowing genetic information to be patented would profoundly impede progress on study of the patented material, letting patent-holders deny the rights for other scientific bodies to study and manipulate it, when these other scientific groups could have easily added to progress involving it. If only a single group is authorized to sell a specific product or service related to patented genetic material, there is no competition to compare the quality or prices of products of patented genetic material. The levels of risk an d consequence associated with allowing the patenting of life forms, including genetic material, is dangerous and should not be authorized. Imagine Isaac Newton as he watches an apple fall to the ground from a tree. ‘Eureka!’ he thinks. Newton was the first person to discover the force of gravity. What does he do next? Patent gravity? No: Newton merely discovered gravity, in contrast to inventing it. According to Wagner (2009), â€Å"Laws of patent are meant to be used to protect inventions - thingsShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of Thomas Edison1411 Words   |  6 Pagesnotion is an illusion of course as the career of Thomas Edison illustrates. Edison was a man of enormous accomplishments. Armed only with his natural abilities and aptitudes, Edison, who had only a limited education, changed the face of the planet and the lives of almost every human being with his inventions. The only individual who invented a greater number of things was Leonard Da Vinci and many of his inventions were conceived before the technology that would permit them to be built, existed. In additionRead MoreGenetically Modified Organism s Should Be Allowed For Preserve Their Property Rights By Patenting Such Organisms1322 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisms. A  patent  is a set of  exclusive rights  granted by a  sovereign state  to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an  invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem and is a product or a process.  Patents are a form of  intellectual property.(Wikipedia.org) Do genetically modified plants meet the threshold requirements to be the subject of a patent? Remember that to be a patentable item, the invention must be usefulRead MoreInventors And Inventions : The Invention Of The Wheel978 Words   |  4 PagesInventors and Inventions What does it mean to invent something? Has anyone ever truly invented anything? Wikipedia defines invention as â€Å"a unique or novel device†. At Dictionary.com the definition is better described as â€Å"U.S. Patent Law: a new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist previously and that is recognized as the product of some unique intuition or genius, as distinguished from ordinary mechanical skill or craftsmanship.† While the patent office is filledRead MoreWhat Makes A Biological Patent?1531 Words   |  7 PagesATENTING ORGANISM â€Å"A biological patent is a patent on an invention in the field of biology that by law allows the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a limited period of time. The scope and reach of biological patents vary among jurisdictions, and may include biological technology and products, genetically modified organisms and genetic material. The applicability of patents to substances and processes wholly or partially naturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Gower Review Of Intellectual Property Reported1647 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction: Biotechnology Invention. The Gower Review of Intellectual Property reported that in 2006 that almost 20 percent of human gene DNA sequences had been patented; 4,382 out of the 23,688 known human gene. There is indeed a dramatic increase in the number of gene patented. The statistics showed above had raised several type of argument on the patentability of the biological materials, or more specifically on human gene. First, how a human gene can be patentable, while the gene sequencedRead MoreWhat Defines The Law Of Nature? Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pagesor changed by man. In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that human DNA cannot be patented but synthetic DNA (cDNA) is patent eligible because it is artificially made. Human DNA is now strictly off limits, thanks to the court ruling versus Myriad Genetics in June 2013. The court ruling could not have been made possible without the people who pushed to make the case public, those whose genes were being patented. Breast cancer patients were being charged an excess amount of money to patent their human DNARead MoreWhy Are Patents Important For Technology?1745 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: What is a Patent? (Natashua Hester) A patent is a limit of property rights that are related to an idea or an invention, which is granted by the United States Patent Trademark Office (Ji, 2011). Patents laws were created in 1787 by Constitution Article I 8 Class 3, which regulates commerce within a foreign nations, states and the trade of Indian tribes (Calvert, 2016). The U.S. Constitution Article I Class 8 stated that progress innovated by Science and Arts are secured by limitedRead MoreGreat Inventions and the Patents for Them Essay example708 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to the report from the USPTO, there are totally 576,763 patent applications in 2012. (1) Every single patient required the patient to make the engineering drawing to show how does the work looks like, then produce it and keep one testing and upgrading before sending the application to the government. Once they pass the application, probably they won’t be worried about the future living anymore. When the inventor got an idea, the very first step he may want to do is draw it out. He willRead MoreEssay on Biography of Nikola Tesla504 Words   |  3 PagesEdison refused to let Tesla make patents on his ideas of a new power transmission. Thomas Edison knew that if he let Tesla make patents on his new power transmission he would lose money. Tesla already knew how to build this new type of power transmission, and all he would have to do is have the supplies to build it. His dream was about to come true when George Westinghouse hired him. George let Tesla develop all his ideas and Tesla finally produced his invention alternating current (AC). He thenRead MoreProduct Of Nature And The Patent Law1336 Words   |  6 PagesPATENT LAW PROJECT ON THE ISSUE OF PRODUCT OF NATURE IN PATENT LAW SUBMITTED BY: POORVI SHAH FOURTH YEAR SECTION-A ID- 211035 WBNUJS THE ISSUE OF PRODUCT OF NATURE IN PATENT LAW INTRODUCTION There exist several areas where further research and development is essential to promote the longevity of mankind and enhance the quality of life, and since the aim of the patent system is to promote innovation, it incentivises the same by looking after the financial aspect

Independence in Mark Twains The Adventures of...

Journey to Independence in Huckleberry Finn nbsp; In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character, Huck, struggles to develop his own set of beliefs and values despite the very powerful social structure of his environment. The people he encounters and the situations he experiences while traveling down the Mississippi River help him become an independent thinker in the very conformist society of 19th century Missouri. nbsp; Huck is a free spirit who finds socially acceptable actions to be restrictive and unbearable. This is demonstrated after Huck and his best friend Tom Sawyer find a large amount of money. The Widow Douglas adopts Huck. With Widow Douglas, Huck feels as though societys values and norms†¦show more content†¦They wants to jump in, but I says: Dont you do it. I dont hear the dogs and horses yet; youve got time to crowd through the brush and get up the crick a little ways; then you take to the water and wade down to me and get in-that ll throw the dogs off the scent. (Twain 116) Huck acts like a Good Samaritan. Not only does Huck have pity upon these two men, he is also willing to take action and help them to safety. When I got down out of the tree I crept along down the river-bank a piece, and found the two bodies laying in the edge of the water, and tugged at them till I Got then ashore; then I covered up their faces, and got away as quick as I could. I cried a little when I was covering up Bucks face, for he was mighty good to me. (Twain 112) Huck has empathy for humankind; he treats others as he wants to be treated. Huck overlooked a persons social status, race or respectability when reacting to a situation. Another example of Hucks tenderness towards other humans is his experience with Jim on the river. At the beginning of the voyage Huck viewed Jim as a piece of property, a true reflection of Southern mores. It was fifteen minutes before I would work myself to go and humble myself to a nigger; but I done it, and I warnt even sorry for it afterward, neither. (Twain 84) Going against social mores takes a great deal of looking inside ones self. Being raised in a time and place where blacks were looked down upon, Huck found that going against whatShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn s Social Commentary On Slavery1368 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain’s Social Commentary on Slavery in Huckleberry Finn Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain over seven years, is considered one of the best American masterpieces ever published, and a very socially active novel. Through the plot and development of the main characters, Twain discussed the paradox of slavery in a free country, as well as his abolitionist beliefs on slavery. Throughout his life, he witnessed slavery in the United States as a whole and its impact on his life, which was transferredRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1346 Words   |  6 Pagesat â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† Racism was an ever present evil that was prevelant during the 1830s and 1840s that lead to a multitude of wrongdoings against blacks. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young child name Huck and how he matures in a society teeming with racism. While on his adventure, he must learn to make tough, adult-like decisions. He travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave who later becomes one his his greatest friends. In Mark Twain’s novel TheRead MoreMark Twain s Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1755 Words   |  8 PagesMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterpiece and an American classic according to Alex Brink Effgen, a PhD student working on the impact of Twain’s writing (Effgen). Twain expresses the problems that faced America during the 1830s to 1870s through the point of a view of a boy that indirectly expresses his hate for the accepted societal rules that are placed on ideas such as racism. Twain’s use of dialect, lan guage and symbolism express the Realism era and creates a powerful masterpieceRead MoreParent Figures in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1398 Words   |  6 PagesName Course Course Instructor Date Parent figures in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck indirectly searches for a home among the different characters, with whom he interacts. The theme of parental figures is core to this piece of work. There are different characters, which represent parental figures. These are important to Huck, as they help to shape him into a man. The characters that are a representation of parental figures include Jim, MrRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1216 Words   |  5 Pages Shaw English 2 Honors/Pd. 8 5 June 2015 Is Mark Twain Racist? Alveda King once stated, â€Å"Racism springs from the lie that certain human beings are less than fully human.† Mark Twain supports this belief when he composed his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the aftermath of the American Civil War, the institution of slavery and American Southern culture was not well understood internationally. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn conveys Southern culture and the social attitudesRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn787 Words   |  4 PagesIn this journal, both Nicole Amare and Alan Manning criticize the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through Mormonism. To Amare and Manning, Twain’s fascination of Mormonism and the character’s literary meanings. Furthermore, they claim of Twain’s use of his use of politician names in the stories, which are seen as juxtaposed by Twain in the novel, impact the character Boggs and Governor Liburn Boggs of Independence, Missouri. However, these uses of political names can be portrayed as simplyRead MoreHuckleberry Finn : American Literature And Culture1622 Words   |  7 Pagesfor themselves, based on honorable values. Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are the first kids depicted in American literature, and through them, Mark Twain develops the concept of kid, by having them participate in comical manipulation and deception. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has two principal lies, imaginative lying and deceitful lying. Lying and deceit are central themes Twain uses to develop the blueprint of a child. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and the King and Duke involve themselvesRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1996 Words   |  8 PagesRegarded by Ernest Hemingway as â€Å"the source of all American literature†, Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has for decades been the subject of unrelenting controversy. The question of whether or not the novel is a depiction of a racist society or sol ely the beliefs of a racist writer, is one without a clear response for the close minded reader. While the argument may be presented either way, I believe any claim should be based on what the novel represents rather than on an individuals’Read MoreHuckleberry Finn American Experience Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pages and revolution pioneer, Abraham Lincoln, in his quest for the independence of slaves throughout the nation. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn expresses the American experience and captures the same idea of acquiring freedom, both physical and mental escape, through the characters Huckleberry Finn and Jim, who both physically escape their dangerous and threatening living arrangements, and the raft that aides Huckleberry and Jim in their quest and exploration of themselves and a newRead MoreSamuel Longhorn Clemens, Mark Twain875 Words   |  4 Pagesas he went, originally moving west with his brother, Orion, in 1861 hoping to strike it rich in Nevada’s silver rush (Ramussen). Twain’s real name was Samuel Longhorne Clemens but took on the name Mark Twain as a reference to a measurement in his job as steamboat captain, a job that would inspire many of his most famous books, including The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Due to his largely popular books that were told from the point of views of a young children, he is frequently referred to as a

The environmental, social and economic consequences of urbanisation in Bombay Free Essays

Bombay is the largest city in India (but not the capital), and has a growing population of 14,350,000 people. Bombay also serves as the financial hub of India, along with a major shipping industry, heavy industrial centres and is home to the ‘Bollywood’ film industry, the largest in the developing world. Due to the services available in Bombay, coupled with the hope of jobs, it is a major hub for migration of people from the countryside, a process known as urbanisation. We will write a custom essay sample on The environmental, social and economic consequences of urbanisation in Bombay or any similar topic only for you Order Now People are drawn from a large part of western India, as well as other parts of the country looking to fill the jobs that the booming economy needs. The disparity between the ‘rich and the poor’, the ‘good jobs and the menial’ is vast. Bombay has many millionaires from the expanding banking sector, located in the Bandra Kurla zone, contrasted with street sellers and beggars in the shanty town areas like Dharavi, made famous through the multi Oscar winning film – Slumdog Millionaire. The problems that face the city authorities of Bombay are immense. There is a genuine struggle to keep up with making provision for the vast numbers of migrants moving to Bombay. The location of the city goes a long way to exacerbating the issues faced. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy Bombay was originally a collection of small fishing villages, which expanded to become an important port in the Arabian Sea, and was a major calling point for the traditional Dhows which plied the waters from Arabia, Somalia and Iran. As the city is located on a headland peninsular, this maritime orientated city thrived on the ease and convenience of the coastal access. During the days of colonialism where India was lucky to be a British Colony, Bombay was a major port of entry for people travelling to India and onwards to South East Asia and Australia. Due to this huge influx in commercial trade, the areas around the port developed extremely quickly as an area of industry and shipping related services such as import/export, cargo handling and packing. All of this went a long way to the urbanisation of Bombay, drawing in more farming people when they learned of the prospects available to them. Following the British withdrawal in 1947, this upwards ‘boom’ only increased. Nowadays, it is a huge problem for city planners and developers. The site of the city is hugely restricted resulting in the eventual creation onto the mainland in the form of a â€Å"greater metropolitan area†. These new sites, onto which the city has expanded, are becoming very overcrowded even 100 years ago. Today, the density is just under 60,000 people per square mile. Due to popular demand, the price of inner city land has risen astronomically, a feature of all developing cities. As a result, rather incongruously, the land prices in Bombay are among the highest in the world. This just adds to the overcrowding of the slums, as people are forced to live there as they are unable to afford anything in the city where property costs in the region of US$3180 per sq. t. this, coupled with the short supply of housing, results in an accelerated growth of shanty towns, another case example being the farvelas on the outskirts of many (expansive) Brazilian cities such as Sio Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is an inescapable upwards escalation into greater levels of poverty, as new migrants to the city locate themselves on the edges of the slums, furthest away from the centre of the city, where the jobs are located and are often built on dangerous land (old mines, near railways, on river marshland etc. and very few have land rights, so there are just squatters with no legal protection. This is a major environmental issue and also poses significant problems to the inhabitants’ health, in a country where the death rate is already 7. 9/1000 (as of July 2009) and where the average life expectancy is just 60. Levels of sanitation in the slum areas, such as Dharavi are often of a substandard level. Sewage removal and treatment is minimal and in most areas, non-existent. Running clean water is also scarce, leaving children and babies without adequate levels of hygiene, needed to grow healthily. Electricity connections are also very sparse, so people have to make do with more primitive methods, often far more dangerous than modern methods, such as cooking for example. All of these issues have major social consequences, as the people become ‘trapped’ in a permanent state of poverty, unable to better their lives, but remain as it is perceived to have a better standard of living than in the rural areas. In Dharavi itself, the Indian local governments in Bombay and the Maharashtra state are planning a large-scale redevelopment of Dharavi. They plan to clear away areas of the slum housing section by section, replacing the little 1 or 2 storey shacks with 7 floor tenement blocks. Families who can prove they have lived in Dharavi since at least 1995 will; receive free new housing, and everyone will receive temporary accommodation for the duration of the massive redevelopment programme. The remainder of the new housing will be sold cheaply (or rented) on the open and free market that India enjoys with its relatively stable political and economic situation. This however, though it would improve the situation for over 600,000 people rather drastically, it will create a lot of significant conflicts between residents and developers, and may be seen by some as a bit too ‘idealistic’, just like Mandela’s promise to black South Africans for better housing. The reality is, that these things take time to materialise, if they ever do. The project will not even go ahead unless a majority of the [registered] residents of Dharavi agree to do so. This means that those residents who are not officially registered as residents of Dharavi (a large number of migrant squatters), will not have their opinions counted in any capacity. It is also widely feared that such a development would not yield economic benefits for the developers, and so, much needed residential accommodation for the [ex] residents of Dharavi, will be used for commercial and office space to serve the ever expanding business sector – defeating the whole initial development objective. In conclusion, from the evidence laid out, it is clear that Bombay is suffering heavily as a result of mass urbanisation, and has done throughout its history, spanning back to even before the colonial days of the Raj. Projects such as the expansion of the Bandra Kurla complex threaten the condition of the poorer people, often illegally squatting on land, and are planned to solely benefit the banking and business/commerce sector. Migration from the countryside rural areas adding the issue of urbanisation are increasing the population at a large rate. Alongside this, poor planning and mismanagement from the authorities, failing to address the genuine needs of the city, all result in a city with gigantic disparity, overcrowding in slums and an ‘all encasing’ state of impoverishment for the vast majority of the population of the city. How to cite The environmental, social and economic consequences of urbanisation in Bombay, Papers

Environmental Poetry Essay Example For Students

Environmental Poetry Essay Environmental poetry expresses emotions and Ideas about the surroundings and conditions to the readers and listeners. Three different landscapes are Illustrated. By poets of different eras, with the use of sensual imagery, sound techniques and allusions. Robert Gray presents a post apocalyptic future of the impact of cities, through the didactic poem Flames and Dangling Wire. A subjective view of the within. In contrast to both poems, Henry Kendall Bell-Birds demonstrates the beauty and comfort of nature and how powerful it is to people. Thus, the environment and surroundings of a person can be viewed differently and have been invoked In poems for centuries. Flames and Dangling Wire is an edifying poem that warns humanity of the destruction of their disposable society and the impact of city life. Robert Gray conveys a post-apocalyptic landscape that Is the future by using strong sensory Images. Visual lamasery Is on sense used through all the poem. In the second stanza, driven like stakes into the earth, is a line that makes readers question the impact of the city life. Additionally, like fingers spread and dragged through smudge, is a line that exemplifies the desperation In the need of help. Gray also uses olfactory Imagery to portray the landscape. The alarm Is personified In the line, The smell Is huge, In stanza nine. This animates the sense of smell and emphasizes the thick polluted air; along with the metaphor, A sour smoke. Robert Gray has illustrated the ugliness of city life through the use of sensual Imagery. Another way Gray illustrates the consequence of change is through the use of allusions. In his poem, he continues to compare hell and the city wreckage; in particular As in hell the devils might pick about through our souls, for vestiges. As ell as the line, for a moment he seems that demon with the long barge pole, Gray refers to Sharon, a mythological boatman of the river Styx, which links the city and hell together. Gray also alludes to the painting by Curricular The Raft of the Medusa which depicts dying, distressed survivors of a shipwreck who have resorted to cannibalism. This relates to the city and the desperation of the survivors of the human race. Through irony, Gray uses allusions to illustrate that humanity is creating the one place they are afraid of, hell. William Street by Kenneth Sellers reveals a subjective view of beauty through the SE of sound techniques and sensual Imagery. Through all the poem except the last line of each stanza, Sellers emphasizes the ugliness of William Street. The line from the third stanza exemplifies this; Smells rich and rasping, smoke and fat and fish. The line Ghosts trousers like the dangle of hung men, Is a simile that suggests that the people of William Street are so desperate for money that they are selling their loved ones clothes in pawn shops. Sellers repeats the line You find it ugly, I find it lovely, which stands out at the end of each stanza to exaggerate the fact that beauty In contrast to both poems, Henry Sandals poem Bell-birds displays that nature has a majestic beauty and magical essence that br ings comfort to a person with the use of visual imagery and sound techniques. The first line of the poem By channels of coolness the echoes are calling, uses alliteration and rhythm that portrays an echo like sound every c sound. This illustrates the quietness and calmness of the bush. Gray also personified the echoes which gives the bush a mystical nature. As well as the line They start up like fairies that follow fair weather. This simile compares the rain and sunbeams to fairies which portrays nature as magic. In the last stanza of Bell-birds Kendall differs from the rest of the poem. .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .postImageUrl , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:hover , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:visited , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:active { border:0!important; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:active , .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0 .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43b827f1213b3f4f18bba2aae62ff9f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philip Larkin"s poem, "Church Going" EssayThe poem changes from third person to first. In the first four stanzas were about the bush, changing from season to season. Though in the last stanza, a man is conversing about his memories of childhood. He says So I might keep in the city and alleys. The beauty and strength of the deep mountain valleys: Charming to slumber the pain of my losses. The man still lives in the city but his memories of the bush are powerful enough to dull his pain and bring him happiness. Sandals use of visual imagery through sound techniques illustrate the natures beauty and comfort. All the poems analyses are an environmental poem. They all illustrate a different time. Flames and Dangling Wire brings the readers to the future; William Street is the period of the Great Depression; Bells-birds is in the mans past and memories. Both Flames and Dangling Wire and William Street are city poems though one criticizing the city life; the other loves it. Bell-birds contrasts the city setting and orators the love of going back to nature. The environment was portrayed and illustrated differently through each poem by the use of strong visual imagery and igniting different senses. Flames and Dangling Wire used irony to make humanity question their lifestyle and their choices, in hope they will change the future Gray sees. A personal view of beauty was fabricated by Kenneth Sellers through contrasting his words. In contrast, Henry Kendall demonstrates the power and serenity of nature. Therefore, these poems represent how people view the environment differently.