Peter Singer, The Visible Man analysis Essay

In a democracy, it is important that the government has less privacy than the people so that the government does not acquire too much power, this is because democracies are only possible when the people are in power, the right to privacy leads to power, and democratic governments answer to the people, so the people should be able to monitor their government. In The Visible Man, Singer insinuates that internet surveillance technology may help democracy to flourish, because it can help the population monitor the government and corporate entities. It is true that access to information on the government is important. Singer also suggests that the government should use social media to surveil citizens because being watched may cause us to act ethically. I disagree with that assertion, because the government is not a person, it is a power structure that must not be allowed secrecy, lest it use its power for the wrong purposes. It is important that the citizens watch the government closely in order to prevent tyranny. Read more: Constitution mini q answers essay A true democracy is only possible when most of the population has control over the government. If the government abuses its power by ignoring the will of the people, then a democracy is impossible. Democracies are a rare occurrence because of the tendency of corrupt people to seek power. It is therefore extremely important for the members of a democracy to maintain ever vigilant regarding their government. If the government had a right to privacy, it would be impossible for the citizens to watch for signs of tyranny or corruption. When the people are blind to the actions of their government, the government is given free reign to enact oppressive laws, abusive foreign policies, ecologically unsound corporate regulations, etcetera. The right to privacy leads to power. In order to empower the population of a nation, they must have the freedom to act without fear of being abused by those in power. When the government is given too much power to see into  the lives of the people, it tends to abuse this power and use it to hunt down petty criminals and innocent people who give them an excuse to accuse them of breaking a law. Laws are not inherently moral, and breaking laws is not inherently immoral. Laws exist because the government wants them to, but if the people choose to be civilly disobedient by breaking laws that they feel are oppressive, they should be able to feel safe doing so. For instance, the war on drugs has harmed many innocent people. Drug addicts are not helped by going to jail for life, they need to be rehabilitated and led how to live a healthy life. Addictive substances are a social problem not a moral failure of the people who fall victim to addiction. The government punishes people with the disease of addiction in incredibly abusive ways. When crack cocaine was first introduced, the sentencing for possession of crack was ten times that of cocaine. This was based on an unscientific claim that crack was ten times as dangerous as powder cocaine. Due to this fluke, there are still people serving life sentences in prison for succumbing to a cheap addiction. This is an example of the government’s failure to use its power constructively. If the people feel the need to withhold information from the government in order to avoid unfair punishment, I believe we have that right. The government does not have the right to pry into our lives and find all of our illegal activities because illegality does not equate t o immorality. In Saudi Arabia, it is illegal for women to leave their homes without being accompanied by a man. Does this mean that the government has a right to arrest women for being unaccompanied? In doing so they sacrifice the autonomy of their citizens and violate human rights. Similarly, our government arrests teenagers for smoking marijuana, putting these youths at a disadvantage by giving them criminal records, getting them kicked out of school, and interrupting their studies with jail or prison time. In Texas, a teenage boy faced life in prison for baking cannabis oil into brownies. The authorities counted the entire weight of the brownies as marijuana, rather than measuring the amount of oil that he used to bake them. Because there was flour, sugar, milk, chocolate, eggs, and other ingredients in the brownies, the weight was enough to charge him with a life sentence if it had all been marijuana. This law was put into place to prevent drug dealers from hauling huge amounts of marijuana, and the government is using it to ruin a young boys life. These are examples of the  government’s misuse of power, and why the people must at all costs deny the government of too much power. Democratic governments answer to the people, are owned by the people, and are funded by the people. A democratic government is a service to which the people subscribe, and pay a yearly fee to keep in place. Because the government is owned by the people, the citizens have a right to know what the government is doing. Hiding federal activities from the people is unacceptable, because those activities are funded by taxes, which are paid by the people. If it is acceptable for the federal government to withhold information from taxpayers, then it should be acceptable for us to refuse to pay taxes. Why would we subscribe to a service if we are unaware of what it is that they do? We should not be required to pay for something if we do not know what we are paying for.   Residents of a democratic nation have the right to ‘sousveillance’; a term coined by Singer. However, the government should not have that same right when it comes to surveilling the population. Social media should remain a free forum to express political opinions, expose injustice, converse with friends, and share experiences without fear of the government. The only reason it would be acceptable to violate someone’s right to privacy, is if they are seriously suspected of harming another individual, because when someone violates another’s rights, their rights become null and void. It is important for the people to watch the government to prevent tyranny, and it is important for the government to allow its citizens privacy to allow open and free communication. The reasons for this dynamic are the fact that democracies only flourish when the people are in control of the government, the right to privacy leads to power that the government has abused in the past, and the people should have the right to monitor the entity to which they pay taxes. In all, democracy is difficult to maintain and requires the civic involvement of its citizens, or else tyranny is likely to ensue.

Biology Lab Essay

1.Discuss how to protect yourself from body fluids, such as saliva and blood. oGloves protect you whenever you touch blood, body fluids. The use of gloves also decreases the risk of disease transmission if you are pricked with a needle. Always wear gloves for handling items or surfaces soiled with blood or body fluids. oWash your hands and other skin surfaces immediately after they come in contact with blood or body fluids. oMasks and protective eyewear, such as goggles or a face shield, help protect your eyes, mouth, and nose from droplets of blood and other body fluids. Always wear a mask and protective eyewear if you are doing a procedure that may expose you to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids. oAprons protect you from splashes of blood or body fluids. Always wear a gown or apron if you are doing a procedure that may expose you to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids 2.Why should you consider a body fluid capable of infecting you with disease? o I think you should be aware and alert because its precaution to practice when youre working in a lab setting. 3.Describe how to dispose of waste material contaminated with body fluids. o You should dispose all waste material in the correct disposal area, and you can throw away the waste materials in the biohazard container. 4. Explain how to safely plug and unplug an electrical device. o When you plug in such electrical equipment, make sure you include the ground plug round. Hold the plug firmly by the insulating cover when plugging it in or unplugging it. Never unplug an electrical device by pulling on its cord. 5.Discuss how to protect yourself from preservatives used on biological specimens. o You would protect yourself from preservatives used on a biological specimen by wearing gloves and safety glasses. Do not shake the container or put the specimen back in the container. 6.Why are special biohazard containers used for biological waste? o Biohazard containers are used to separate infectious, contaminated or dangerous material from other materials that wouldn’t be labeled as such and to protect us and the environment. Also the disposing of biohazard material is done differently than normal material.

Standard Lesson Plan Format for ESL Teachers

Teaching English, like teaching any subject, requires lesson plans. Many books and curricula provide advice on teaching English learning materials. However, most ESL teachers like to mix up their classes by providing their own  lesson plans and activities. Sometimes, teachers are required to create their own lesson plans when teaching ESL or EFL at international institutions that are scattered throughout the world. Develop your own lesson plans and activities by using a basic template. Standard Lesson Plan Format Generally speaking, a lesson plan has four specific parts. These can be repeated throughout the lesson, but its important to follow the outline: Warm-upPresentFocus on specificsUsage in a wider context Warm-Up   Use a warm-up to get the brain thinking in the right direction. The warm-up should include the target grammar/function for the lesson. Here are a few ideas: Ask small talk questions about the weekend for a lesson on the simple past.Discuss a hypothetical situation for a lesson focusing on conditionals.Challenge students to describe others in class when working towards building descriptive vocabulary.   Presentation The presentation focus on  the learning objectives of the lesson. This is the teacher-guided section of the lesson. You might: Explain grammar at the whiteboard.Show a short video to introduce a topic of discussion.Present new vocabulary, making sure to provide lots of  contexts.Present written work for a class discussion of structure. Controlled Practice Controlled practice allows for close observation to gauge whether the learning objectives are understood. Controlled practice activities include:​ Gap-fill exercises on tense conjugation.Complete-the-sentence exercises to encourage specifically-written formulas.Reading and listening comprehension activities.Language function practice on specific activities such as apologizing, negotiating, and thanking. Free Practice Free practice allows students to take control of their own language learning. These activities should encourage students to explore language with activities such as: Class debatesCreating role-plays and acting them out for othersGames focusing on communication skillsEssay writing During the free practice section, take note of common mistakes. Use feedback to help everyone, rather than focus on individual students.   This lesson plan format is popular for many reasons, including: Students have a number of chances to learn a concept through various means.Students have plenty of time to practice.Teachers can give detailed instruction, or students can deduce structures and learning points through practice.The standard lesson plan format provides structure.The lesson provides for variation over the course of 60 to 90 minutes.This lesson plan format moves from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. Variations on the Lesson Plan Format Theme In order to keep this standard lesson plan format from becoming boring, it is important to remember that there are a number of variations that can be applied to the various segments of the lesson plan format. Warm-up:  Students might arrive late, tired, stressed or otherwise distracted to class. In order to get their attention, its best to open with a warm-up activity. The warm-up can be as simple as telling a short story or asking students questions. The warm-up can also be a more thought-out activity, such as playing a song in the background or drawing an elaborate picture on the board. While its fine to start a lesson with a simple How are you, its much better to tie your warm-up into the theme of the lesson. Presentation: The presentation can take a variety of forms. Your presentation should be clear and straightforward to help students understand new grammar and forms. Here are a few suggestions on how to present new materials to the class: Reading selectionSoliciting students knowledge about a specific pointTeacher-centered explanationListening selectionShort videoStudent presentation The presentation should include the main meat of the lesson. For example, If you are working on phrasal verbs, make the presentation by reading something thats peppered with phrasal verbs. Controlled practice: This  section of the lesson provides students with direct feedback on their comprehension of the task at hand. Generally, a controlled practice involves some type of exercise.  Ã‚  Controlled practice should help the student focus on the main task and provide them with feedback — either from the teacher or the other students. Free practice: This integrates the focus structure, vocabulary, and functional words and phrases into students overall language use. Free practice exercises often encourage students to use the target language structures in: Small group discussionsWritten work (paragraphs and essays)Listening comprehension practiceGames The most important aspect of free practice is that students should be encouraged to integrate language learned into larger structures. This requires more of a stand-off approach to teaching. Its often useful to circulate around the room and take notes. Students should be allowed to make more mistakes during this part of the lesson. Utilizing Feedback Feedback allows students to check their understanding of the lessons topic and can be done quickly at the end of the class by asking students questions about the target structures. Another approach is to have students discuss the target structures in small groups, once again giving students the chance to improve understanding on their own. In general, it is important to use this lesson plan format to facilitate students English learning. The more opportunities for student-centered learning, the more students acquire language skills for themselves.

Essay about Dream Analysis - 773 Words

According to Merriam-Webster, a dream can be defined as a series of thoughts, images or emotions occurring during sleep. Form many people, sleep can be a disturbing time, but for others it can be a peaceful, longing time of the day. For me, I LOVE my sleep, as well as any dreams that may accompany my slumber. I would like to think I have a very vivid imagination, based on some of the dreams that I encounter. I do find that I can remember most of my dreams, at least for a few hours, however, by the end of the day, I honestly can say that last night’s dream has been long since forgotten. After having a late night talk with my brother a year or so ago, I discovered that he and I are even more similar than I thought. He revealed to me†¦show more content†¦One dream in particular, is an old friend of mine. I dreamt that I was trying to find her house, and it was in a city and I got lost and couldn’t find it. I eventually found it and it was an old, run down apartment that was in a bad neighborhood. About two or three years later, I dreamt that I went to visit that same friend, but she had moved into a large home with red walls and a tall stair case. (Very weird, I know). Surprisingly, after having a few of these dreams about my friend Cindy, I decided to look her up on Facebook, and found her. Not only did we get a chance to talk, but also we met last summer for an afternoon. Since seeing her last summer, I have only dreamed about her once more. I did confide in her that I had been having dreams about her and didn’t know why. Interesting enough, s he had recently moved into a home that she and her husband had built themselves, after renting an old, run down house. Based on what I researched about reoccurring dreams, I would have to say that my reoccurring dreams most likely are due to the loss I feel about people moving on and me â€Å"not seeing† them again. For the most part, all of my family and friends live right here in Maryland. There are less than a handful of friends or family that do not live within driving distance from my residence. Perhaps I am feeling a loss and concerned over her welfare, since I had not seen her in quite sometime. Most of the time, I do not give much thought to my dreams. However, when I haveShow MoreRelatedAntwone Dream Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthat process is no different. Dream analysis, however, could be an effective way for a counselor to treat the problems that Antwone is having. As a currently angry individual, Antwone recalls some of the dreams he was having when trying to sleep. The movie opens with a dream sequence showing Antwone as a little kid in a field. He enters a building, which is presumed to be a church and is surrounded by what is presumed to be his family members. Antwone, in this dream, is led to a table covered inRead MoreDream Analysis2326 Words   |  10 PagesDREAM ANALYSIS This reflective essay illustrates Freud’s theory of dream analysis. It will begin with a brief overview of Freudian dream theory and will go on to describe the various components of personality structure and the unconscious from a psychodynamic perspective. This essay will analyse one of my personal dreams using Freud’s dream analysis theory and conclude with a critical reflection on the application of his theory as it relates to my dream. When Freud famously referred to dreamsRead MoreEssay about Dream Analysis768 Words   |  4 Pageschoose Dream Analysis. â€Å"Dream Analysis is a process of determining the meanings of dreams through symbols, myths, free association, and memories. There are a variety of philosophies and approaches for analyzing dreams including Adlerian (dreams are projections of a persons current concerns), Gestalt (every person and object in a dream represents an aspect of the dreamer), and psychoanalytic (dreams are a key to what is happening in a persons unconscious). Why would I want to choose Dream AnalysisRead MoreAnalysis Of My Dream1056 Words   |  5 PagesDream In my dream, I saw my stepmom talking to a group of men. This group of men looked like they were part of a bike gang, and they all had either a knife or a gun on them. The group of men had scary tattoos all over them, leather vests, and distressed jeans on with boots. The men took off and were headed to an apartment complex in search of someone. They didn’t knock on any doors or try to break into a specific apartment; they were just walking around looking for someone outside the apartment buildingsRead MoreDream A Little Dream Of Me Analysis Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† Music Analysis First recorded in 1931 by Oswald George Nelson, known as Ozzie Nelson, with his orchestra, â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† came into existence. Two days later, after Ozzie Nelson had recorded â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me†, the song was again recorded on February 18, 1931 by orchestra leader and musician Wayne King. Since those first two recordings of â€Å"Dream a Little Dream of Me† there have been approximately 60 versions by many well-known artists of whichRead More Dream Analysis Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Meaning of a Dream The best part of a long, hard-working day is when you finally get to lay in your bed, close your eyes and let your imagination run free. As you sleep your mind takes you to another place far away from the real world. You begin to dream. Over the night, you may have several dreams. In the morning, you may wake up and wonder what your dreams were suppose to mean for you and your life. By analyzing your dream, it gives a true picture of the subjective state-how we reallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Lucid Dreams 3596 Words   |  15 Pages During lucid dreams we are remarkably wakeful—even though still asleep. We may be able to reason clearly, remember freely, signal that we are conscious, and may even change the plot if we so choose. But it takes training. I am in the middle of a riot in the classroom. Everyone is running around in some sort of struggle. Most of them are Third World Types, and one of them has a hold on me—he is huge, with a pockmarked face. I realize that I am dreaming and stop struggling. I look him in the eyesRead MoreEssay about Dreams Their Analysis1413 Words   |  6 Pages Dreams Their Analysis The assignment is to recall a dream and analyze it from one or two theoretical perspectives weve learned thus far in dream analysis. Dreams have been a vehicle to express emotions, thoughts and feelings. Sometimes they pose questions which have been rooted in our conscious. Dreams are personalized works which we have consciously directed and created in our minds and no one interpretation is right or wrong. Weeks later upon receiving this assignment I had an incredible dreamRead MoreHoop Dreams Analysis2621 Words   |  11 PagesLorenzo de Medici Film Analysis: Hoop Dreams (1994) Written by Ann Kelsey Cinema of the Real: Documentary Films Paolo Grassini December 5, 2012 The 1994 Documentary, Hoop Dreams, directed by Steve James, is a masterful display of human drama. The story-line is so captivating and theatrical that it seems crafted from fiction. The Documentary boasts cinematic techniques and private investigating that rivals most film of this time period. The film follows the high school careersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Dream A Motivational Video 878 Words   |  4 Pagestitled, â€Å"Dream: Motivational Video,† because of the boldness it projected to the audience. The speech is approximately six minutes and was published on July 2, 2013. It provides the audience with a background on how they should make their dreams realistic. Although obstacles will get in our way when trying to fulfill dreams—the purpose is to separate from negativity and dream big. Even though the fear of failure overtakes our mind, we cannot allow the fear to detour us from living out our dream. Finally

Non-Renewable Energy Resources - 1458 Words

Non-Renewable Energy Resources This Project will be in two Parts. The first part is about Non-renewable energy. Non-renewable energy is a resource that will some day we will run out of. Non-renewable energy is a resource that will some day we will run out of. The second part is on Renewable energy. Renewable energy is a resource that we will never run out of because it is continually being replaced. The sun is the source of all our energy resources. The suns energy reaches Earth and is converted into many forms , which we then use to supply our energy demand. Non Renewable Energy Resources COAL. One of the most important natural fuels, coal was formed from plant life buried in the Earth millions of years ago. Like†¦show more content†¦This type of reaction goes on in the sun. [IMAGE] Renewable Energy Resources WIND POWER. Wind is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy that has been used for many centuries to grind grain, pump water, propel sailing ships, and perform other work. The amount of wind power available, however, varies depending upon the weather. Thus the windmills used to pump water have been largely replaced by electrically powered pumps. Today wind power is used primarily in remote areas, but recent interest in fuel conservation has spurred development of modern wind machines for generating electricity. A renewed interest in the use of wind power to generate electricity followed the energy crisis of the 1970s. A program of the United States Department of Energy encouraged the development of new machines, the construction of wind farms, and an evaluation of the economic effect of a large-scale use of wind power. HYDRO-ELECTRIC By building a dam across a river, the natural upstream water level is elevated and a difference in levels is created that can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity. A large upstream reservoir may balance seasonal water flow; rain or melted snow can be stored in the reservoir during the wet season to provide electricity during dry seasons. Small run-of-river reservoirs or ponds are not large enough to provide seasonal balance. They can, however, provide extra power during daily peak hours. TIDALShow MoreRelatedEnergy Resources : Renewable And Non Renewable Ones1225 Words   |  5 Pagesa discovery of the ability to transform the energy into the electricity. In today’s modern world it is hard to imagine that there was a world without the electricity and that electricity was gifted to the humanity just 400 years ago. As George Gobel said once: â€Å"If it weren’t for electricity, we’d all be watching television by candlelight†. Electricity is the gift granted to humans and it is our generation’s duty to use the electricity energy smartly and pass it to future generations. ForRead MoreRenewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy Resources1840 Words   |  8 PagesRenewable Vs. Non-renewable Energy Resources: Environmental and Economical Advantages and Disadvantages Imagine a life without washing machines, dryers, refrigerators, computers, televisions, lights, and cars. Imagine a planet so polluted that smog is in the air so bad that one cannot see very far, lakes and streams are poisoned, and land so badly scarred from people trying to find more energy sources. One day this may be a reality if we do not do something to change how we use our energy resourcesRead MoreDepletion of Non Renewable Resources of Energy1422 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A  non-renewable resource  is a  natural resource  which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can  sustain  its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are resources that are consumed much faster than nature can create them.  Fossil fuels  (such as  coal,  petroleum, and  natural gas), types of nuclear power (uranium) and certain  aquifers  are examples. Natural resources such as  coal,  petroleum,  oil  and  naturalRead MoreEssay about Renewable Vs. Non-Renewable Energy Resources1748 Words   |  7 PagesRenewable Vs. Non-renewable Energy Resources: Environmental and Economical Advantages and Disadvantages Imagine a life without washing machines, dryers, refrigerators, computers, televisions, lights, and cars. Imagine a planet so polluted that smog is in the air so bad that one cannot see very far, lakes and streams are poisoned, and land so badly scarred from people trying to find more energy sources. One day this may be a reality if we do not do something to change how we use our energy resourcesRead MoreDifference Between Renewable Resources And Non Energy Resources1468 Words   |  6 Pagesclear explanation of the difference between renewable resources and non renewable resources Renewable resources can be used and replaced. Examples are fish stocks, forests, or water. They are resources that will refilled by itself through reproduction, plantation through the nature cycle. They are natural resources that technically regenerate itselves through ecological process. Non renewable resources, such as coal, oil, gold and cooper, are land resources which once used will never be replaced. OnceRead MoreDifference Between Renewable Resources And Non Energy Resources1417 Words   |  6 Pagesclear explanation of the difference between renewable resources and non renewable resources Renewable resources can be used and replaced. Examples are fish stocks, forests, or water. They are resources that will refilled by itself through reproduction, plantation and by nature cycle. They are natural resources that technically regenerate itselves through ecological process. Non renewable resources, such as coal, oil, gold and cooper, are land resources which once used will never be replaced. OnceRead MoreMotives of the Renewable Energy Policies in Resource Rich and Non-Democratic Countries1230 Words   |  5 PagesThis section will focus on the motivators of oil rich countries in the renewable energy field. Renewable energy can be defined simply as energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished by a period of time. From this simple definition it could be expected that use and introduction of renewable energy projects emerge and are promoted by countries with shortage of non-renewable sources and/or under a high risk of environmental degradation caused by those sources. Also it could beRead MoreBio Final Outline892 Words   |  4 PagesSentence: By using non-renewable resources mankind is putting a strain on the earth and causing global warming. 　 Paragraph: Do you know the difference between a non- renewable resource and a renewable resource? A non- renewable resource is a natural resource such as coal, gas, or oil that, once consumed, cannot be replaced. A renewable resource any natural resource (as wood or solar energy) that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time. By using non-renewable resources mankind is puttingRead MoreNatural Resources and Energy Paper1201 Words   |  5 PagesNatural Resources and Energy Paper An ecosystem is a connection among living resources, residents, and habitats of an area. It includes animals, plants, microorganisms, trees, water and people. Everything that lives in that specific ecosystem is reliant on the other elements of that ecological society. Oceans are considered ecosystems due to the plant life supporting the animal life and also the animal life supporting the plant life. The earth’s marine waters cover two- thirds of its surfaceRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Increasing Demand For Renewable Energy1690 Words   |  7 Pages Renewable Energy Wind, Water, Sun: Energy for the long run Prepared by Mashfik Shamir Midterm Proposal BUS 160W – An Introduction to Business Writing Queens College August 1, 2013 Professor Denise L. Miller Mashfik Shamir 8531 129 Street Richmond Hill, NY 11418 August 1, 2013 Prof. Denise Miller CUNY Queens College 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing, NY 11367 Dear Prof. Miller: I am submitting this proposal to provide some information on the long term effects of increasing demand for

Financial Management The Measurement Metric

Question: Describe about the Financial Management for The Measurement Metric. Answer: Introduction:- Operating leverage is the measurement metric, which helps the analysts to determine the percentage of fixed expenses within the total cost of any business. It is a very crucial tool for measuring the profit margins on total revenue (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). The management of Rammstein Holdings has selected two Australian companies for investment. The company has decided to analyze the potentialities of the two investment alternatives in respect to the cash flow degree of operating leverage. The first alternative is GUD Holdings Ltd. GUD Holdings Ltd. operates in different forms of industrial sectors. It uses to manufacture cleaning items, industrial domestic storage materials, household industrial locking products, water supply related products for both commercial domestic purposes and automotive filters. Such diversified product range has helped the organization to grow faster. The company always maintains the vision to provide long term returns to its shareholders and other investors at higher rate. The other company is Breville Group Ltd. Breville Group Ltd. is one of the popular kitchen products and appliances companies in Australia. The company manufactures and sells various types of kitchen products under the brand names, Breville and Sage. The kitched appliances are sold under the brand, Kambrook and for electrical appliances, it operates the brand, Ronson. Apart from the own brands, Breville Group is also the exclusive registered distributor of the personal care and garment care appliances of Philips Ltd. for allover Australia and New Zealand. From the product ranges, it can be concluded that the company has focused on a specific market sector. With the prosperity of the brands, the company has also gain high popularity amongst the investors for its steady income level and high return. Cash Flow Degree of Operating Leverage:- The financial performances of both the companies are analyzed by comparing the cash flow degree of operating leverages of the two companies for two years. The comparison is shown in the graph:- Comparison of the DOLs of two companies:- From the above graph, it can be stated that both the companies are involved with manufacturing processes and have to incur higher amount of fixed expenses, such as depreciation and amortization, interest at fixed rates, insurance, fixed salaries to employees etc. Hence, both the companies have maintained the cash flow degree of operational leverage above 1 over the periods. Both the companies can enjoy high profit with increase in sales, but, they have to ensure high sales volume to cover the high amount of fixed expenses (Horngren et al. 2013). However, Breville has concentrated on a particular market and GUD Holdings has diversified its main operational activities. Due to such diversifications, the DOL of GUD has been more instable than Breville over the period. Comparison of DOLs of two periods:- As discussed above, the DOLs of Breville for the two years are more or less same. It implies that the proportion of fixed expenses and variable expenses has not changed too much over the years. Thus, the level of sales volume, to pay off the fixed expense, would also not change very much accordingly (Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012). On the other hand, the DOL of GUD holdings has increased significantly rapidly in the current year. It denotes that the company has incurred higher fixed expenses in 2015 than the previous year. Thus, the level of adequate sales volume for covering the fixed expenses has also increased according to the increase of fixed expenses (Bhattacharjee et al. 2014). Usefulness of DOL in accounting and cash flow for perspective users: The degree of operating leverage can be defined as the leverage ratio which sums up the amount of operating leverage on the companys earnings before interest and tax. Operating leverage takes into the consideration the fixed cost and the proportion of variable cost in the business operations. It is worth mentioning from the financial perspective cash flow that the earnings before interest and taxes would be unpredictable for the company even though all the accounting factors remains unchanged (Lee and Park 2014). The framework largely evaluates the breakeven point of the business along with the likelihood of the profitability level of individual sales. In order to compute the company is operating leverage, the contribution margin is divided by its net operating income. It is worth mentioning that the measurement of operating leverage involves constant monitoring as because small amount of change in sales can result in the dramatic increase in profit. This enables the users of financi al information to carefully forecast the revenue as small error in forecasting can translate into large error in both net income and cash flows (Brown 2012). On the other hand, the degree of operating advantage can create a profound impact on the pricing policy as because a business firm with large operating leverage should not set the prices so low that it can never generate sufficient amount of contribution margin in order to fully offset the fixed costs. The degree of operating leverage assists the company and its decision makers to determine the most appropriate level of operating leverage to maximise the companys EBIT. A company with balanced Degree of operating leverage can provide the financial leverage with contributing factor in business profits (Damodaran 2016). Formula of Cash Flow Degree of operating leverage : DOL = Contribution Margin / Net Operating Cash Flow This ratio helps in summarising the effect after merging the financial and operating leverage and what effect such combinations and variation creates on corporate earnings. The above stated formula is helpful in assessing both the financial and the operating perspective for a potential investors (Kahl et al. 2014). Conclusion:- From the above discussion, it may be concluded that Breville Group Ltd. is a better alternative for investment in comparison to GUD Holdings Ltd. The current DOL of the company is lower than GUD Holdings and moreover, the level is also stable than that of other company. Therefore, from an investors perspective it can be stated that though Breville Ltd. cannot earn higher profits by increasing sales volume, but the problem to meet the fixed expenses in case of reduction in sales volume will be lesser in comparison to GUD Holdings. References:- Bhattacharjee, A., Higson, C. and Holly, S., 2014. Asymmetric Price Adjustment, Sticky Costs and Operating Leverage over the Business Cycle.Spatial Economics and Econometrics Centre, Heriot Watt University Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge Brown, R., 2012. Analysis of investments management of portfolios. Damodaran, A., 2016.Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance(Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Kahl, M., Lunn, J. and Nilsson, M., 2014, November. Operating leverage and corporate financial policies. InAFA 2012 Chicago Meetings Paper. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Lee, S. and Park, S.B., 2014. A study on the association between operating leverage and risk: The case of the airline industry.International Journal of Economics and Finance,6(3), p.120.

The Shipping News Essay Example

The Shipping News Essay The countryside in Newfoundland is grim and rough in comparison to the pastoral beauty of Wessex. The description of landscape is less significant than in Tess of the DUrbervilles; Proulx concentrates more on the seas power as the force that shapes the lives of the habitants, and the importance of dwelling in representing Quoyles life and battles. Her narrative is strongly metaphorical and shares some of Hardys lyricism, his rich language, and this combined with fragments of local dialect injected into her prose fully submerses the reader into the world of the Newfoundlanders. Quoyles life in Bedraggled Mockingburg is one reflected by his squalid house, with its grey sheets and cribs jammed close like bird cages. It is indeed a caged, oppressed existence, superficial and unsatisfying. He feels out of place with his surroundings, alienated, isolated and uncomfortable. He has a sense that the triviality that surrounds him is the stuff of others lives. He is waiting for his to begin, longing for a more resolute, gratifying life.  After the death of his parents and his cruel, carnal wife, he returns with an old aunt to the land of his fathers, Newfoundland, to start a new life in a fresh place, a place of rugged, perilous beauty: We will write a custom essay sample on The Shipping News specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Shipping News specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Shipping News specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Miles of coast blind wrapped in fog. Sunkers under wrinkled water, boats threading tickles between ice-scabbed cliffs The alchemist sea changed fishermen into wet bones  Here he takes refuge in a house that is severe, bare, and empty. This house is a crucial metaphor in the novel, the mysterious house of his ancestors, pumiced by stony lives of dead generations, full of myth. Dragged to the headland across the ice, bolted and chained unnaturally to the rocky headland, Quoyle feels as if the house is A bound prisoner straining to get free. In this place he is swallowed by the shouting past. In the end the house is torn from its shackles by the wind, blown away, freed from its bondage. It is here we see a unity of person and place that is so evident in Tess of the DUrbervilles; Quoyle is the houses equivalent in human form, he has been dragged a great distance, bolted to his ancestry and emotions, unable to break free from the past. When the house is set free by a great storm, Quoyle is also released, able to understand himself as an individual, not merely a member of a corrupt family. Dwellings are used in some corresponding ways in the two novels. Tess has connections with various dwellings that are similar to Quoyles. She is haunted by the ancient DUrberville family, on the night of her wedding. The portraits of DUrberville ladies mock and sneer at her from the walls, smirking in merciless treachery, adding to her sense of guilt and impending doom in the run up to her disastrous confession to Angel. Ironically, it is the treachery of her family that has given her something to confess in the first place. Tess also feels the oppression and desperation felt by Quoyle in Mockingburg when she is forced to live with Alec in the grand but seedy Sandbourne. She feels a brief flutter of happiness when she spends a few days with Angel in the empty, fairytale Bramshurst Court; momentarily swept into an oblivious state of euphoria. This place is a brief refuge for the lovers, so exhausted and battered by fate. Here, in secluded and peaceful surroundings, they spend the only time together as husband and wife with no dark secrets, acting out a poignantly innocent charade, half-pretending that their lives will continue in peace, clinging to a fantasy. This short period is the calm before the storm, a moment of tranquillity which is destroyed soon after, when Tess is caught and executed. The Shipping News charts the struggle of people to live with an immense elemental power, the sea, at whose mercy they are. It is one of the most powerful images in the novel, and is described by Proulx as almost a deity, a primitive demi-god, an ambivalent force, terrible and generous, giving and ending life, paying no heed to human hopes, struggles and morality. The people of Newfoundland treat this force as such an entity, with hushed respect and fear. When Quoyle arrives in Newfoundland, he is not familiar with its way of life, or the might of nature. He cannot swim, is afraid and overwhelmed by this water, haunted by lost ships, fishermen, explorers gurgled down into sea holes as black as a dogs throat. Bawling into salt broth. His near drowning in chapter 26 can be seen as a wild baptism, a symbolic acceptance and immersion into the Newfoundland culture and society. The old Quoyle sinks with the useless boat which embodies his ignorance, and a new Quoyle is born, one who recognises his need to learn and to adjust to a new place and existence. The overwhelming force in Tess of the DUrbervilles is fate, a power that controls events and actions. In this novel, nature and weather are relatively benign; manifestations of fate, used to accentuate the characters experiences and occasionally to foreshadow events. The force of fate is portrayed as much more negative than the sea in The Shipping News; it is generally cruel and arbitrary, especially in relation to poor Tess. Fate is responsible for her encounter with Alec Stoke-DUrberville, her subsequent violation, the death of her child, and ultimately, her death. Although often hauntingly beautiful, nature is at times sinister, threatening, an omen: The occasional heave of the wind became the sigh of some immense sad soul, conterminous with the universe in space, and with the history in time This fatalism, seen in many of Hardys other novels, reflects his view of life. Tesss personal fatalism is a typical characteristic of her upbringing in rural poverty; she was reared in the lonely country nooks where fatalism is a strong sentiment.  Proulxs literary style is unusual, in comparison with Hardys, but in a world where authors strive to find original structural devices, The Shipping News is not so remarkable. Proulx often writes ungrammatically, disjointedly, in fragmented sentences. The protagonist, a newspaper reporter, presents his thoughts and feelings as headlines, so it seems fitting that, although at times Proulxs narrative is disruptive to the reader, it is reminiscent of newspaper shorthand. The most extraordinary device she uses is the knot definitions that introduce each chapter. Knots are of literal importance in the novel; fishermen, sailors and upholsterers use knots as part of their livelihoods. However, in this novel, they are more a metaphor for the versatility of human beings, specifically a metaphor for the lives of the Quoyles, who must undo the binds of the past in order to have a future. Knots tie Quoyle to his ancestors; the gruesome knotted hair brooch and the knots of Nolans sorcery. As the last chapter definition says, there will always be new knots to discover. Quoyle must release himself from the old knots and tie new ones. Both authors use setting as an essential component to their stories, instead of merely using it as a backdrop. In essence, Hardy uses the landscape in Tess of the DUrbervilles not only to magnify her experiences but literally to be her experiences in an alternative form. In Hardys own words, My art is to intensify the expression of things as is done by Crivelli, Bellini, etc., so that the heart and inner meaning is made visibly visible.(An extract from one of Hardys notebooks). Proulx uses the setting in her novel to mark each stage of her protagonists life, and like Hardy, to symbolise his struggles and the influences upon him. In my opinion, the power in both novels is derived, to a large extent, from the atmosphere created by the surroundings, whether the raw coast and fierce elements of Newfoundland or the idyllic warmth and beauty of Hardys Wessex.